Human Trafficking: How to Recognize It and Understand the Lasting Mental Health Effects
Report suspected trafficking by calling the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or texting “HELP” to 233733.
Human trafficking is a silent crisis that affects millions of people worldwide, including right here in the United States. Often hiding in plain sight, trafficking strips individuals of their freedom and dignity, leaving lasting scars on their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being.
This post explores the warning signs of human trafficking, its devastating impact on mental health, and how healthcare providers, educators, and everyday citizens can help identify and support survivors.
What is Human Trafficking?
According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. It affects adults and children of all genders and backgrounds.
Two Common Types:
Sex trafficking: Victims are forced or coerced into engaging in commercial sex acts.
Labor trafficking: Victims are compelled to work under exploitative, inhumane, or unsafe conditions.
Traffickers use psychological manipulation, physical abuse, threats, and isolation to control their victims—making it incredibly difficult for individuals to escape.
Recognizing the Signs of Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is often hidden in plain sight. Here are common red flags that someone may be a victim:
Appears fearful, anxious, or submissive, especially around others
Has limited freedom of movement or constantly accompanied by another person
Cannot speak for themselves or have scripted responses
Lacks personal identification, money, or access to basic needs
Exhibits signs of physical abuse or malnourishment
Works excessively long hours under unsafe or exploitative conditions
Avoids eye contact and seems unusually hesitant to talk about their circumstances
Healthcare providers, teachers, and social workers are often in unique positions to identify these signs early.
Real-World Example
“Elena’s Story” (Name changed for privacy): Elena, a 19-year-old woman, was trafficked by someone she initially trusted: a boyfriend who promised her a better life in another state. Instead, she was exploited in the commercial sex industry and isolated from her family. A nurse practitioner noticed her anxiety, lack of identification, and signs of trauma during a routine exam. After gently asking open-ended questions and involving a social worker, the healthcare team helped Elena access a safe shelter and trauma-informed therapy services.
The Lasting Mental Health Effects of Human Trafficking
Survivors of human trafficking often live with long-term psychological trauma that can affect every area of life. These effects may include:
📉 Mental Health Conditions:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Complex trauma from prolonged abuse
Anxiety and panic disorders
Depression and suicidal ideation
Substance use disorders
Dissociative symptoms or emotional numbing
Shame, guilt, and identity confusion
📊 Statistics:
According to the National Human Trafficking Hotline, over 50,000 cases have been reported in the U.S. in the past five years.
A 2021 study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that 77% of trafficking survivors screened positive for PTSD, and nearly 54% had attempted suicide.
Male and LGBTQ+ survivors often face additional stigma, making it harder for them to seek help or be recognized as victims.
Supporting Survivors: Strategies for Healing
Recovery from trafficking requires trauma-informed care, patience, and ongoing support.
What Survivors Need:
Therapy with trauma-informed mental health professionals
Safe housing and legal assistance
Job training and reintegration programs
Nonjudgmental spaces that foster trust and dignity
What We Can Do:
Know the signs and speak up if you suspect trafficking.
Support organizations that work with survivors.
Listen without judgment. Let survivors lead their healing journey.
Report suspected trafficking by calling the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or texting “HELP” to 233733.
Conclusion
Human trafficking is a complex issue that leaves deep mental health wounds long after physical freedom is regained. Survivors need compassion, specialized care, and advocacy to heal and thrive. Whether you are a healthcare worker, teacher, employer, or friend, your awareness and action can make all the difference.
Call to Action
Whether you're a survivor or a loved one of someone who is, know this: you are not alone. Desert Willow Behavioral Health is here to help! Schedule your FREE 15 Minute Consultation today. Together, we can build a world where healing is possible, where silence is broken, and where mental health is prioritized.
